A nation forged from desert and unified in 1932 — guardian of Islam's holiest cities, anchor of the world's energy, and architect of one of the boldest reinventions of the 21st century.
The largest country in the Middle East and the dominant landmass of the Arabian Peninsula — a sovereign monarchy bordered by the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf.
From the Red Sea coast to the Arabian Gulf, the Kingdom spans roughly four-fifths of the Arabian Peninsula — much of it sculpted by the world's largest continuous sand desert.
The modern Kingdom is the third Saudi state — the culmination of a project begun in the oasis town of Diriyah nearly three hundred years ago.
The House of Saud rises in Diriyah, near present-day Riyadh, founding the first unified Saudi polity in the Najd.
Abdulaziz Ibn Saud seizes Riyadh, launching a thirty-year campaign to unify the peninsula.
On 23 September the regions of Hejaz and Najd are merged into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Commercial oil is discovered at Dammam — the find that would reshape the nation and the world economy.
Saudi Arabia helps establish the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, anchoring global energy policy.
Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman unveils a sweeping plan to diversify the economy beyond oil.
Home to some of the planet's largest proven petroleum reserves, Saudi Arabia is a G20 economy and one of the world's foremost oil exporters — now investing its wealth into a post-oil future.
Consistently among the largest crude oil exporters in the world.
One of the largest holders of proven petroleum reserves on Earth.
Saudi Aramco ranks among the most valuable companies ever listed.
The only Arab nation in the Group of Twenty major economies.
The Public Investment Fund deploys capital into global and domestic ventures.
A national drive to grow tourism, industry, mining and technology.
A generational blueprint to build a vibrant society, a thriving economy and an ambitious nation — expressed through a series of giga-projects unlike anything attempted before.
A $500-billion region on the Red Sea, including The Line — a linear city designed to stretch 170 kilometres with zero cars and zero carbon.
A luxury tourism destination across an archipelago of pristine islands, built to strict regenerative-tourism standards.
An entertainment, sports and culture capital rising near Riyadh — theme parks, motorsport and arenas at giga-scale.
The restoration of the birthplace of the first Saudi state into a global cultural and heritage destination.
Saudi Arabia is the birthplace of Islam and home to its two holiest cities. Each year millions of pilgrims travel here for Hajj and Umrah — the largest recurring human gathering on Earth.
The holiest city in Islam and the destination of the Hajj pilgrimage, home to the Masjid al-Haram and the Kaaba.
The second holiest city, home to the Prophet's Mosque and a centre of Islamic learning and history.
Bedouin heritage, Najdi architecture, Arabic coffee and dates, falconry, and a fast-growing arts, film and music scene.
Political and financial capital on the central Najd plateau.
Red Sea gateway and historic commercial hub for the Hejaz.
Holiest city in Islam; destination of the annual Hajj.
City of the Prophet's Mosque and Islamic scholarship.
Heart of the Eastern Province and the oil industry.